Generative AI, Deepfakes, Fake Legal Precedents and Digital Evidence

Course Objectives

The objectives of this course are to;

1. Understand how generative AI produces synthetic media (text, images, videos, audio).
2. Recognize risks posed by fake cases, court rulings, and legal documents generated by AI.
3. Apply verification workflows and automated detection tools to authenticate legal information.
4. Critically evaluate the admissibility of digital evidence in court.
5. Propose governance measures to safeguard the legal profession against AI-driven fraud.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course, a learner will be able to;

1. Explain how generative AI can be misused to create fake precedents.
2. Identify red flags in AI-generated rulings and fabricated citations.
3. Use automated forensic tools to detect deepfakes and AI-generated text.
4. Apply proper legal research workflows to validate precedents before use.
5. Develop institutional recommendations for AI governance in legal practice.

Outline of Content

1. Introduction to Generative AI in Law
   • How AI creates synthetic text, rulings, videos, and voices.
   • Emerging risks in courts and legal practice.
2. Fake Cases and Precedents
   • Examples of AI-generated fake judgments & fabricated citations.
   • Why some lawyers are misusing AI to create false precedents.
   • Consequences: sanctions, disciplinary actions, ethical liability.
3. Detection of Fake Rulings & Legal Documents
   • Metadata and citation verification.
   • Shepardize (Lexis), KeyCite (Westlaw), ULII verification workflows.
   • Red flags in AI-generated rulings (inconsistencies, hallucinations).
4. Deepfakes and Digital Evidence
   • AI-generated videos, images, and audio (voice cloning, video manipulation).
   • Admissibility of digital evidence in court.
   • Case studies: deepfakes in fraud, elections, and criminal cases.
5. AI-Powered Forensic Tools
   • Reality Defender, Deepware Scanner, Hive Moderation.
   • DetectGPT, GPTZero, Turnitin Draft Coach (AI text detection).
   • Microsoft Video Authenticator and forensic metadata tools.
6. Best Practices & Policy Safeguards
7. • “Zero Trust” rule for precedents: verify before use.
   • Role of bar associations & courts in authenticating rulings.
   • Future: blockchain / digital signatures for authentic judgments.
8. Practical Lab

• • Detecting fake judgments: participants are given real + fake rulings to verify.
  • Using detection tools on sample documents, videos, and audio evidence.
  • Drafting a policy brief on AI misuse in the legal system.

Reference List

1. Ashley, K. D. (2017). Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics: New Tools for Law Practice in the Digital Age. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316761380
2. Surden, H. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and Law: An Overview. Annual Review of Law and Social Science. available at https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/faculty-articles/1234.
3. Kasim Musa Waziri and Oluwaseyi Iyanu Eletta. Artificial Intelligence and Copyright: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward. The Uganda Living Law Journal [ULLJ], January 2024, Volume 11 No. 1. ISSN 1729-4672.
4. Private Law and Artificial Intelligence (2024). Cambridge University Press. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108980197.001
5. The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence: Global Perspectives on Law and Ethics (2022). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009072168

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